Prenatal care refers to pregnancy-related care. Prenatal care services typically include screening and treatment for medical conditions, and identification and interventions for behavioral risk factors associated with poor birth outcomes (e.g. smoking, poor nutrition). Assessment of the appropriateness of prenatal care obtained during pregnancy can be measured in different ways. PeriStats provides data on the timing of the first prenatal care visit; that is, when prenatal care is first initiated during the pregnancy. It also provides data on the adequacy of prenatal care, which assesses both the timing of the first prenatal care visit, and the frequency of visits throughout the entire pregnancy adjusted for the infant's gestational age.
Last updated:
January 2022
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In the United States in 2021, 78.3% of live births were to women receiving early prenatal care, 15.4% were to women beginning care in the second trimester, and 6.3% were to women receiving late or no prenatal care.
In 2021, about 1 in 16 infants (6.3% of live births) was born to a woman receiving late or no prenatal care in the United States.
In the United States, 75.6% of live births were to women receiving adequate/adequate plus prenatal care, 9.9% were to women receiving intermediate care, and 14.5% were to women receiving inadequate care.
In 2021, about 1 in 7 infants (14.5% of live births) was born to a woman receiving inadequate prenatal care in the United States.
Notes: Adequacy is measured using the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index, which classifies prenatal care received into 1 of 4 categories (inadequate, intermediate, adequate, and adequate plus) by combining information about the timing of prenatal care, the number of visits, and the infant's gestational age.
Sources: National Center for Health Statistics, final natality data. Kotelchuck M. An evaluation of the Kessner Adequacy of Prenatal Care Index and a proposed Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 1414-1420. Retrieved September 22, 2023, from www.marchofdimes.org/peristats.
Adequate/adequate plus prenatal care is pregnancy-related care beginning in the first four months of pregnancy with the appropriate number of visits for the infant's gestational age.
In the United States in 2021, 75.6% of infants were born to women receiving adequate/adequate plus prenatal care.