Substance use during pregnancy can harm a baby’s development and increase the risk of birth defects. In addition to illegal drugs, alcohol, tobacco, and certain medications can affect how a baby grows and develops in the womb. Alcohol use during pregnancy, for example, can cause a condition called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), which can lead to problems with learning, behavior, and physical development.
Smoking during pregnancy reduces the amount of oxygen a baby gets and increases the risk of low birthweight, cleft lip, and cleft palate. Opioids, which include prescription pain relievers like hydrocodone (Vicodin®) and oxycodone (OxyContin®), can lead to neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), which requires medical treatment. Other prescription medications, like certain acne treatments or seizure medicines, can increase the risk of birth defects.
Staying away from these substances during pregnancy is one of the best ways to protect your baby. If you’re pregnant or planning to get pregnant, let your healthcare provider know about any medications, drugs, alcohol, tobacco, or other substances you use—even if they are prescribed. Your provider can help you make safer choices or connect you to resources to quit. Never stop taking a medication without medical advice, as this can also harm your baby.
Understanding the risks and seeking help early can make a big difference in your baby’s health. By working with your healthcare provider, you can create a plan to support a healthy pregnancy and reduce the chance of birth defects.
Learn more about staying healthy during pregnancy:
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)